PEMBENTUKAN SISTEM EKONOMI ISLAM ERA KHULAFAUR RASYIDIN: ANTARA KONSEP DAN PRAKTIK

Abstract

This article examines the process of the formation of the Islamic economic system in the era of Khulafaur Rashidin in a dialectic between normative concepts and practical implementation. The research uses a qualitative method based on literature studies with a historical-analytical approach to fiscal and monetary policies, governance of Baitul Mal, distribution of state assets, and management of public resources. The results of the study show that the Islamic economic system in this period was built on the principle of justice ('adl), equitable distribution, public ownership of strategic resources, prohibition of usury, and institutionalized social security mechanisms through Baitul Mal. In practice, the concept is realized through the standardization of the zakat and jizyah system, ghanimah and fai' policies, price control without market distortion, market supervision (hisbah), administrative reform of Baitul Mal, and the expansion of state-financed economic infrastructure.